Kodi Pali Umboni Wasayansi Wotsimikizira Zoti Kulibe Mulungu?

KWA zaka 50, munthu wina wophunzira kwambiri wa ku Britain, dzina lake Antony Flew, ankalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi anzake chifukwa cha zimene ankakhulupirira zoti kulibe Mulungu. Buku limene anatulutsa mu 1950, lofotokoza zoti zipembedzo zimaphunzitsa mabodza, “linali buku limene linkasindikizidwa kwambiri m’zaka za m’ma 1900, kuposa buku lina lililonse lonena za zikhulupiriro za anthu.” Mu 1986, Flew anatchedwa “namandwa pa anthu onse a m’nthawi yathu ino otsutsa zoti kuli Mulungu.” Choncho, anthu anadabwa kwambiri Flew atalengeza mu 2004 kuti wasiya kukhulupirira zoti kulibe Mulungu.

Kodi n’chiyani chinachititsa Flew kusintha maganizo ake? Sayansi ndi imene inachititsa kuti asinthe. Iye anafika pozindikira kuti zinali zosatheka kuti chilengedwechi, malamulo ake, ngakhalenso moyo, zikhalepo mwangozi. Kodi inunso mukugwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi?

Kodi Malamulo a M’chilengedwe Anakhalapo Bwanji?

Munthu wina wasayansi, yemwenso amalemba mabuku, dzina lake Paul Davies, anafotokoza kuti sayansi imafotokoza momveka bwino zinthu zimene zimachitika m’chilengedwe, monga zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti mvula igwe. Koma iye ananena kuti: “Sayansi siyankha momveka bwino . . . mafunso monga akuti, ‘Kodi malamulo a m’chilengedwe anakhalapo bwanji?’ Asayansi akhala akufufuza mayankho a mafunso ngati amenewa, koma zimene apeza n’zosakhutiritsa. Ngakhale kuti sayansi yapita patsogolo kwambiri, mafunso ovuta amene anthu akhala akufunsa kuyambira kalekale sanayankhidwebe mpaka pano.”

Mu 2007, Flew analemba kuti: “Nkhani sikuti yangogona poti zinthu m’chilengedwe zimachitika mwadongosolo, koma yagonanso pakuti zinthuzo zimatsatira masamu mogometsa kwambiri, zimachitika mofanana m’chilengedwe chonse, komanso zimachitika mogwirizana.” Wasayansi wina wotchuka kwambiri, dzina lake Einstein, ananena kuti zinthu zam’chilengedwe zimasonyeza kuti panafunika nzeru kuti zipangidwe. Funso limene tiyenera kudzifunsa ndi lakuti, ‘N’chifukwa chiyani zinthu zimachitika motere m’chilengedwe?’ Limeneli ndi funso limene asayansi otchuka kwambiri monga Newton, Einstein, Heisenberg ndi ena ambiri, akhala akufunsa komanso kuyesetsa kupeza yankho lake. Yankho limene iwo anapeza ndi lakuti chilengedwe chimasonyeza nzeru za Mulungu.”

Pali asayansi ambiri otchuka amene amaona kuti sayansi imasonyeza kuti pali winawake amene analenga zinthu zimene timaona m’chilengedwe. Komanso, n’zosamveka kunena kuti zinthu zonse za m’chilengedwe, malamulo ake komanso moyo zinangokhalapo zokha.  Timadziwa kuti zinthu zonse zimene timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zinapangidwa ndi winawake, ndipo ngati zinthuzo zinapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, timadziwanso kuti amene anazipangayo ndi wanzeru kwambiri.

Kodi Musankha Chikhulupiriro Chiti?

Anthu amene amakhulupirira zoti kulibe Mulungu amati amachita zimenezi chifukwa cha sayansi. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti mfundo yakuti kulibe Mulungu, komanso yakuti Mulungu alipo, sizidalira sayansi yokha. Mfundo zonsezi zimafuna chikhulupiriro. Anthu amene amati kulibe Mulungu amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zinangokhalapo mwangozi, pamene amene amati Mulungu alipo amakhulupirira kuti pali winawake wanzeru amene analenga zinthu zam’chilengedwe. Pulofesa wina wa masamu payunivesite ya Oxford ku England, dzina lake John Lennox, ananena kuti anthu okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu amati “zonse zimene anthu achipembedzo amakhulupirira zilibe maziko alionse. Koma tiyenera kunena motsindika kuti iwo amalakwitsa kwambiri.” Choncho funso ndi lakuti: Kodi ndi chikhulupiriro chiti chimene chingapezeke kuti ndi cholondola munthu atafufuza bwinobwino? Cha anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu, kapena cha anthu amene amakhulupirira zoti kuli Mulungu? Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani nkhani yokhudza mmene moyo unayambira.

Anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zinachita kusanduka amavomereza kuti sizikudziwika bwinobwino mmene moyo unayambira. Komabe, iwo amanena mfundo zambirimbiri zotsutsana zokhudza mmene moyowo unayambira. Munthu wina wotchuka wokhulupirira zoti kulibe Mulungu, dzina lake Richard Dawkins, ananena kuti m’chilengedwechi muli mapulaneti ambirimbiri, choncho tingayembekezere kuti papulaneti inayake pakhale zamoyo. Koma asayansi ambiri odziwika bwino amakayikira zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, pulofesa John Barrow wa payunivesite ya Cambridge, ananena kuti chikhulupiriro chakuti “zamoyo zinachita kusanduka komanso choti zinthu zanzeru zinachokera ku zinthu zopanda nzeru, n’chosamveka. Pali zinthu zambiri zimene zingalepheretse kuti zinthu zopanda moyo zisanduke zamoyo. Kungakhale kusaganiza bwino kunena kuti kungokhala ndi zinthu zopangira zamoyo, kungapangitse kuti m’kupita kwa nthawi zamoyozo zipangike.”

Dziwaninso kuti moyo suyamba chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa zinthu zimene zimapanga moyo basi. Kuti moyo ukhalepo pamafunika malangizo enaake apamwamba kwambiri amene amapezeka mu DNA. Kuti tidziwe za chiyambi cha moyo, tiyenera kudziwa kaye kumene kunachokera malangizo amenewa. Kodi mukuganiza kuti malangizo amenewa anachokera kuti? Ayenera kuti anachokera kwa winawake wanzeru. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mungaganize kuti malangizo osiyanasiyana, monga njira yopezera samu inayake, kaphikidwe ka keke, pulogalamu ya kompyuta ndi malangizo ena opezeka m’mabuku, anangokhalapo okha? Simungaganize choncho. Komatu malangizo amene amapezeka mu DNA ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa malangizo onsewa. Ndiye kodi mukuganiza kuti malangizowa anangokhalapo okha?

Kodi Sayansi Yakuti Zinthu Zonse Zinangokhalapo Mwamwayi Ndi Yomveka?

Paul Davies ananena kuti malinga ndi zimene anthu okhulupirira zoti kulibe Mulungu amanena, “chilengedwe chinangokhalapo chokha, ndipo zinangochitika kuti zamoyo zikhalepo. Palibe akudziwa mmene zinachitikira.” Anthu okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu amati: “Ngati zinthu zikanachitika mwamtundu wina, bwenzi ife kulibe ndipo sibwenzi tikukambirana nkhani imeneyi. Mwina pali chimene chinachititsa kuti zinthu zonse za m’chilengedwe zikhalepo, mwinanso palibe. Koma palibe anazipanga ndipo zilibe cholinga chilichonse chomwe anthufe tingachimvetse.” Koma Paul Davies anati: “Iwo amakhulupirira zimenezi chifukwa chakuti n’zosavuta kuzikhulupirira, ndipo zimawachititsa kuti asalimbane kwambiri ndi mafunso ovuta kuyankha.”

M’buku lake lotsutsa mfundo yakuti zamoyo zinachita kusanduka, katswiri wina wa sayansi ya zamoyo, dzina lake Michael Denton, ananena kuti mfundo yakuti zamoyo zinachita kusanduka “ikungofanana ndi zinthu zabodza zimene anthu okhulupirira nyenyezi ankakhulupirira m’mbuyomo . . . chifukwa ilibe maziko alionse a sayansi.” Iye ananenanso kuti mfundo ya Darwin yakuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha ndi bodza lamkunkhuniza ndipo limaposa mabodza ambiri amene anthu akhala akunena masiku athu ano.

 Mfundo yakuti zamoyo zinakhalapo mwamwayi imachita kuonekeratu kuti ndi yongopeka. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kuti munthu wofukula zinthu zakale wapeza mwala wokhala ndi makona anayi. N’zotheka kuganiza kuti zinangochitika mwamwayi kuti mwalawo ukhale ndi makona anayi. Koma bwanji ngati atapeza mwala wosemedwa bwino kwambiri wooneka ngati mutu ndi mapewa a munthu? Kodi iye anganene kuti mwalawo unangokhalapo mwamwayi? Ayi. Iye angaganize kuti, ‘Alipo winawake amene anausema.’ Mofanana ndi zimenezi, Baibulo limati: “Nyumba iliyonse inamangidwa ndi winawake, koma amene anapanga zinthu zonse ndi Mulungu.” (Aheberi 3:4) Kodi inuyo simukugwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi?

Lennox anati: “Tikamaphunzira zambiri zokhudza zinthu zam’chilengedwe, m’pamene timayamba kuona kuti kuli Mulungu amene analenga zinthu zonse. Timaonanso kuti iye anali ndi cholinga polenga zinthu zimenezi ndiponso timamvetsa bwino chifukwa chake anthufe tili ndi moyo.”

Koma n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti nkhanza zimene anthu amachita m’dzina la Mulungu, n’chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zachititsa kuti anthu ena asamakhulupirire zoti kuli Mulungu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ena amaona kuti zinthu zikanakhala bwino ngati padzikoli pakanakhala kuti palibe zipembedzo. Kodi inunso mumaona choncho?