Cintu Ciyandisi Catakazizilwe Kwamyaanda Yamyaka

Syaazibwene wagambwa kapati akaambo kacintu ncaabona. Waalingula kabotu-kabotu malembe aakaindi. Mbwaalembedwe mabala alimwi amboulembedwe mwaambo zyamupa kusinizya kuti ncajisi ntubeela-beela twabusanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele bwakaindi bwamumwaambo waci Georgian.

EECI cintu ciyandisi cakajanika kumamanino aamwezi wa December mu 1922, ciindi sikwiiya waku Georgia uutegwa Ivané Javakhishvili naakali kumvwuntauzya mboyakatalika alufabbeti yaci Georgian. Wakajana bbuku litegwa Jerusalem Talmud. Naakali kulilingula bbuku eeli, wakali kukonzya kubona kunsi aamabala aa Chihebrayo mabala amwi aakamwaidwe aasyoonto aakalembedwe kubelesya alufabbeti yaci Georgian. *

Malembe “aatakali kulibonya” aakali mu Talmud akali cibeela cabbuku lyamu Bbaibbele lya Jeremiya ilyakalembwa mumwaanda wamyaka wasanu C.E. Kaatanajanika malembe aaya, malembe aamu Bbaibbele aakaindi aamumwaambo waci Georgian aakazizilwe akalembwa mumwaanda wamyaka wa 9 C.E. Nikwakainda kaindi kasyoonto, kwakajanika azimwi zibeela zyamabbuku aamu Bbaibbele izyakalembwa mumwaanda wamyaka wasanu C.E. naa kautanasika. Amuciyeeyele buyo, ikujana zibeela zyamabbuku aamu Bbaibbele izyakalembwa nikwakainda buyo myaanda yamyaka misyoonto kuzwa ciindi Jesu abaapostolo nibakali kupona!

Ino nguni wakazisandulula zibeela eezyi zyamu Bbaibbele? Sena zyakasandululwa aamuntu omwe naa akabunga kabasanduluzi balyaabide? Taakwe bumboni bwakajanika bwiingula mibuzyo eeyi. Kufwumbwa naa nguni wakazisandulula, tacidoonekwi kuti kuzwa mumwaanda wamyaka wane, Ibbaibbele naa zibeela zyandilyo zyakalisandululwidwe mumwaambo waci Georgian alimwi akuti Ijwi lya Leza lyakaliko naa lyakalizyibidwe abantu baku Georgia mumwaambo wabo.

Cibalo cimwi icitondezya kuti bantu baku Georgia bakalaazyi Magwalo cilajanika mubbuku litegwa The Martyrdom of St. Shushanik the Queen, lyalo ililangilwa kuti lyakalembwa kumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wasanu. Naakaamba zyintu zibi zyakamucitikila mwami mukaintu, sikulemba wakazubulula alimwi akwaamba zibalo zimwi zijanika mubbuku lya Intembauzyo, mumabbuku aa Makani Mabotu, alimwi amuzibeela zimwi zyamu Bbaibbele. Alimwi wakaamba kuti mukusola kukkomanisya basinguzu baku Persia, mulumi wa Shushanik, Varsken, mweendelezi wa Bwami bwaku Georgia bwa Kartli, wakacileka kuba “Munakristo,” akunjila mubukombi bwaku Persia bwaci Zoroastrianism, alimwi akusinikizya mukaintu wakwe kuti awalo acite mbubwenya. Kweelana ambolyaamba bbuku, mukaintu wakwe wakakaka kuleka bukombi bwakwe alimwi wakaumbulizyigwa kwiinda mu Magwalo ciindi naakali aafwaafwi kufwa.

 Kuzwa mumwaanda wamyaka wasanu, kusandulula akulemba Bbaibbele lyamumwaambo waci Georgian kwakazumanana. Bunji bwamalembe aamu Bbaibbele aamumwaambo waci Georgian asinizya mulimo ngobakacita balembi abasanduluzi balyaabide. Atulange-lange mbazu zyobilo zijatikizya makani aaya aakkomanisya—kusandulula alimwi akusimba Bbaibbele.

KUVWULA KWABUSANDULUZI BWAMA BBAIBBELE

“Mebo nde Giorgi, nde fwala buyo, ndalisandulula cabusungu bbuku eeli lya Intembauzyo kuzwa mumwaambo mupya wa Chigiliki kutola mumwaambo waci Georgian.” Aaya ngamajwi ngaakaamba fwala waku Georgia, Giorgi Mtatsmindeli, wamumwaanda wamyaka wa 11. Nkaambo nzi ncokwakali kuyandika kuti Ibbaibbele lisandululwe alimwi kakuli lyakaliko kale mumwaambo waci Georgian kwamyaanda yamyaka iili mbwiibede?

Kuzikusika mumwaanda wamyaka wa 11, akali masyoonto mabbuku aamu Bbaibbele lyaci Georgian ngobakajisi bantu aakalembedwe amaanza. Mabbuku amwi akalisweekede kale. Alimwi mwaambo wakacinca, aboobo cakali kubakatazya basikubala kumvwisya zyakalembedwe mumabbuku aamu Bbaibbele aakaindi. Nokuba kuti bunji bwabasanduluzi bakasola kulilembulula Bbaibbele lyamumwaambo waci Georgian, mulimo ngwaakacita Giorgi ngowakali mupati kwiinda. Wakali kweezyanisya ma Bbaibbele aaci Georgian aakaliko kumalembe aa Chigiliki alimwi wakali kusandulula zibeela zyatakaliko naa kulisandulula buya bbuku lyoonse lyamu Bbaibbele mbolibede. Syikati wakali kubeleka milimo yakwe mbuli mupati wamafwala. Mpoonya masiku wakali kusandulula Bbaibbele.

Kunze aakusandulula, Ephrem Mtsire, iwakapona muciindi ca Giorgi, wakalemba bbuku lyakali kugwasya basanduluzi. Lyakajisi malailile aayandika ngobakeelede kutobela basanduluzi, mbuli kusandulula kuzwa mumwaambo wakusaanguna kufwumbwa ciindi nocakali kukonzyeka kucita boobo alimwi akusolekesya kutobela zilembedwe mumwaambo wakusaanguna pele kakunyina kulemba munzila iitalimvwisyi. Alimwi wakatalisya cilengwa cakulemba bupanduluzi buyungizyidwe alimwi amulongo wamagwalo aajisi twaambo tukozyenye muma Bbaibbele aaci Georgian. Ephrem wakalemba busanduluzi bupya bwamabbuku manji aamu Bbaibbele. Mulimo ngwaakacita Giorgi alimwi a Ephrem akaba ngematalikilo aamulimo wakusandulula.

Mumwaanda wamyaka wakatobela, mabbuku akavwula kucisi ca Georgia. Izikolo zyakatalisyigwa mudolopo lya Gelati alya Ikalto. Basyaazibwene banji bayeeya kuti Bbaibbele ndyobaamba kuti Gelati Bible, lino iliyobwedwe mu Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts, mbusanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele bupya ibwakalembwa aumwi wabasyaazibwene baku Gelati naa ku Ikalto.

Ino mulimo ooyu wakusandulula Bbaibbele wakabajatikizya buti bantu baambaula mwaambo waci Georgian? Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 12, sikweema waku Georgia uutegwa Shota Rustaveli, wakalemba bbuku lyakuti Vepkhis-tqaosani (Sikalumamba Mucikutu ca Siluwe), ibbuku lyakabajatikizya kapati bantu kwamyaanda yamyaka cakuti lyakazooitwa kuti Bbaibbele lyabili lyabantu baku Georgia. Kufwumbwa naa sikweema wakazubulula cacigaminina kuzwa mu Bbaibbele naa pe, syaazibwene waku Georgia uutegwa K. Kekelidze wakati, “mizeezo yakwe imwi itondezya zilembedwe muzibalo  ziindene-indene zyamu Bbaibbele. Nokuba kuti wakali kwaamba makani aakuyandana, kanji-kanji kweema kwakwe kwakali kujatikizya bulongwe, bwaabi, kulemeka bamakaintu, alimwi akusamausya beenzu. Njiisyo eezyi alimwi azimwi zyamu Bbaibbele zyakabajatikizya kapati bantu baku Georgia kwamyaka minji alimwi bacizibona kuba njiisyo zyakulilemeka ziyandika kapati mubuumi bwabo.

KUSIMBWA KWAMA BBAIBBELE WABA MULIMO UUCITWA AMUKWASYI WABWAMI

Kumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wa 17, mukwasyi wabwami waku Georgia wakali kuyandisisya kuti Bbaibbele lisimbwe. Akaambo kaceeci, Mwami Vakhtang Wacisambomwe wakayaka ŋanda yakusimbila mabbuku mudolopo pati lya Tbilisi. Nokuba boobo, mabbuku aamu Bbaibbele taakalinamana kulembwa kutegwa asimbwe. Munzila imwi, cakali mbuli kuti Bbaibbele lyaci Georgian lyakalisisidwe alimwi. Kwakali buyo zibeela zimwi zyamalembe zyatakaningamana kulembwa, alimwi mwaambo wakabelesyegwa wakali wakaindi. Mulimo wakulembulula alimwi akupilusya mabala aamu Bbaibbele wakapegwa kuli Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani, syaazibwene mumakani aamyaambo.

Orbeliani wakatalika kuubeleka mulimo ooyu cabusungu. Akaambo kakuti wakalizyi myaambo minji kubikkilizya a Chigiliki alimwi a Cilatini, wakali kukonzya kuvwuntauzya mumabbuku manji aamba zyamu Bbaibbele aamumyaambo imbi kunze aamalembe aamumwaambo waci Georgian aakaliko. Nokuba boobo, kulanga zyintu munzila yeelede nkwaakali kucita tiikwakabakkomanisya bamu Cikombelo ca Orthodox caku Georgia. Basololi bacikombelo bakamupa mulandu wakutasyomeka kucikombelo alimwi bakacikonzya kuyunga mwami kuti amulesye kulemba Bbaibbele. Kweelana ancaamba mabbuku amwi aamumwaambo waci Georgian, ciindi Orbeliani naakali kumuswaangano wakucikombelo, basololi bacikombelo bakamusungilizya kuumpa Bbaibbele ilyakamutolela myaka minji kulemba!

Ibbuku limwi lya Mtskheta (Mcxeta) Manuscript, alimwi iliitwa kuti Saba’s Bible, lyatakanyonyoonwa kusikila sunu lilijisi twaambo ntwaakalemba amaanza Orbeliani. Nokuba boobo bantu bamwi baladooneka kuti naa eeli nde Bbaibbele ndyobakali kuyanda kunyonyoona basololi bacikombelo. Alikke makani aayungizyidwe ngobasinizyide kuti nguwakaalemba.

Nokuba kuti kwakali buyumuyumu, mulimo wakusimba ma Bbaibbele wakazumanana kuba mulimo uuyandika kapati kuli bamwi bamumukwasyi wabwami. Akati kamwaka wa 1705 alimwi awa 1711, zibeela zimwi zya Bbaibbele zyakasimbwa. Tulabalumba kapati bana bamwami ba Bakari a Vakhushti akaambo kakubeleka canguzu nkobakacita, Bbaibbele lyoonse mbolizulwa lyakasimbwa mu 1743. Tiilyakali kukonzya kusiswa alimwi.

[Bupanduluzi buyungizidwe]

[Kulumba]

© The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford [Ms.Georg.c.1(P) Verso]; inset: National Archives of Georgia

[Kulumba]

National Center of Manuscripts

[Kabbokesi kali apeeji 10]

IZYINA LYA LEZA MU BBAIBBELE LYAMUMWAAMBO WACI GEORGIAN

Izyina lya Jehova (mu Chihebrayo, יהוה), lyalo lili ndezyina lya Leza kweelana ambolyaamba Bbaibbele, lilajanika ziindi zibalilwa ku 7,000 mumalembe aamumwaambo wakusaanguna. Bunji bwama Bbaibbele aakasandululwa mumwaambo waci Georgian taajisi zyina eeli, muciindi caboobo, ajisi zyina lyabulemu lyakuti “Mwami.” Nokuba boobo, mumakani aayungizyidwe aali mu Bbaibbele lyakuti Saba’s Bible, Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani apa bupanduluzi bwazyina lya Jesu munzila eeyi: “Ieses: Kuzwa mu Chihebrayo: Ieova Mwami mufwutuli. Cikkomanisya ncakuti, zyina lya Leza, Jehova, lilajanika mumasena moonse molyeelede mu Bbaibbele lya New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures lyamumwaambo waci Georgian, ilyakamwaigwa a Bakamboni ba Jehova mu 2006.

[Kulumba]

National Center of Manuscripts

[Kabbokesi kali apeeji 11]

BUNAKRISTO MUCISI GEORGIA

Ino Bunakristo bwakasika lili mucisi ca Georgia? Kunyina bumboni bwakunyika buluzi bwakajanika. Nokuba boobo, ibbuku lya Milimo lyaamba kuti ba Juda bamwi naa bantu ibakasanduka bakazwa ku Ponto bakali akati kabantu bakali mu Jerusalemu ibakamvwa makani mabotu lya Pentekoste 33 C.E. Kulalangilwa kuti nibakajokela kuŋanda bakaumwaya mulumbe wa Bunakristo. Cakutadooneka, mbungano zya Bunakristo zyakaliko ku Ponto mu 62 C.E. Mumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna, Ponto bwakali busena bwakali kujanika kunyika lwaajwe kwacisi ca Turkey camazuba aano, mpocaabanina munyinza acisi ca Georgia.—Milimo 2:9; 1 Petulo 1:1.

[Mapu]

(Kutegwa mubone bwini mbwaakkede mabala, amubone bbuku lini)

GEORGIA

Busena mpoyakabede Ponto yansiku

Jerusalemu