Nkondo Yaku Ain Jalut Ninkondo Yakacinca Zyintu Munyika

BASIKALUMAMBA ibakali kuyoosya bakazwa mucisi ca Mongolia, bakali kusaala munzi uliwoonse iwakali kukaka kulibombya kulimbabo. Mu February 1258 bakalwana dolopo lya Baghdad akupwaya bwaanda bwandilyo. Kwansondo yomwe bakajaya bantu alimwi akubweza zyintu. Ciinga coonse caba Islamu cakayoowa akaambo kabana Mongolia. *

Mu January, ciindi bana Mongolia nobakagama kumbo, bakaakuzunda dolopo lya Aleppo mucisi ca Syria mbubwenya mbuli mbobakacita ku Baghdad. Mu March cisi ca Damascus cakalibombya kubana Mongolia. Nikwakainda buyo ciindi cisyoonto, bana Mongolia bakagama kuminzi ya Nablus (munsi abusena bwakaindi bwa Shechem) a Gaza.

Hülegü, silutwe wabana Mongolia, wakaambila Muleli waba Mozilemu ku Egypt, al-Muzaffar Sayf al-Din Qutuz kuti awalo alibombye kulimbabo. Hülegü wakacenjezya kuti naa ataciti oobo, cisi ca Egypt cilanjila mumapenzi aataambiki. Basikalumamba ba Hülegü bakali kusika ku 300,000 mpoonya basikalumamba bana Egypt bakali buyo 20,000. Professor Nazeer Ahmed, sikwiiya zyakaindi zyaba Islamu waamba kuti, ciinga caba Mozilemu cakatiilobe akaambo kankondo eeyi. Ino ncinzi ncaakeelede kucita muleli waba Mozilemu Qutuz?

Qutuz Abana Mamluk

Qutuz wakali muna Mamluk, imuzike waku Turkey. Bana Mamluk bakali kubeleka kabali basikalumamba bazike babaleli babwami bwaba Mozilemu baku Cairo kucisi ca Egypt butegwa Ayyubid.  Nokuba boobo, mu 1250 bazike aabo bakaatula basimalelo babo akuba baleli mu Egypt. Qutuz iwakali sikalumamba muzike mukuya kwaciindi wakabweza bweendelezi akuba muleli waba Mozilemu mu 1259. Wakali sikalumamba uucibwene walo iwatakali kuyanda kulibombya kakunyina kulwana. Nokuba boobo, bulangizi bwakwe bwakuzunda bana Mongolia tiibwakali buyumu pe. Pele zyintu izyakatalika kucitika, zyakali kuyoojatikizya zyintu munyika.

Mulumbe wakasika kuli Hülegü wakuti Möngke, muleli wabana Mongolia wafwa. Kayeeyela kuti kulaba kulwanina bweendelezi mumunzi, Hülegü wakapiluka abasikalumamba bakwe bamwi. Wakasiya buyo basikalumamba bali akati ka 10,000 a 20,000, balo mbaakali kuyeeya kuti balakonzya kuzunda Egypt. Lino Qutuz wakabona kuti ncaakali kuyoowa camana. Wakayeeya kuti kutegwa abazunde basinkondonyina aaba, eeci ncecakali coolwe cakwe cakucita boobo.

Nokuba boobo, akati ka Egypt alimwi abana Mongolia, kwakali sinkondonyina aba Mozilemu uumbi—basikalumamba bankondo yazikombelo ibakaboolede ku Palestine kuzootaminina “Nyika Iisalala” yaba Kristendomu. Qutuz wakalomba nzila yakwiinda alimwi akuzumizyigwa kuula zyintu kutegwa nkondo abana Mongolia icitikile mu Palestine. Basikalumamba bankondo yazikombelo bakazumina. Basikalumamba bankondo yazikombelo bakali kusyoma Qutuz alikke kuti nguukonzya kugwisya ba Mongolia mubusena mobakabede kwiinda mbobakali kulibilika kujatikizya ba Mozilemu.

Aboobo, ciindi cakasika cakubona iwakeelede kuzunda munkondo akati kabana Mamluk alimwi aba Mongolia.

Nkondo Yaku Ain Jalut mu Palestine

Impi zyabana Mamluk alimwi abana Mongolia zyakaswaangana mu September 1260 ku Ain Jalut mucibanda ca Esdraelon. Kwaambwa kuti busena bwa Ain Jalut buli munsi-munsi amunzi wa Megido. *

 Sikwiiya zyakaindi Rashid al-Din waamba kuti bana Mamluk bakabelesya nzila yakubayubilila bana Mongolia ku Megido. Qutuz wakasisa basikalumamba bamwi mumalundu kuzinguluka cibanda akulailila kakamu kasyoonto kuya kumbele kutegwa bana Mongolia batalike kubalwana. Bana Mongolia bakali kuyeeya kuti impi yabana Mamluk yoonse yakkwana, kumane bakatalika kubalwana. Mpoonya Qutuz wakalebula kakole kakwe. Wakalailila nkamu izyakayubide kuti zitalike kulwana bana Mongolia. Basinkondonyina bakazundwa.

Eeci cakali ciindi cakusaanguna bana Mongolia kuzundwa kuzwa ciindi nibakatalika kulwanina kunze aa Mongolia myaka iili 43 musyule. Nokuba kuti mweelwe wabasikalumamba iwakajatikizyidwe wakali musyoonto kapati, nkondo ya Ain Jalut yaambwa kuti ili akati kankondo ziyandika kapati mumakani aakaindi. Yakagwasya ba Mozilemu kuti batanyonyoonwi, akumwaya mpuwo yabana Mongolia yakuti tabakonzyi kuzundwa alimwi akupa kuti impi yabana Mamluk ibweze zilawo nzyoyakanyangidwe.

Niyakamana Nkondo Yaku Ain Jalut

Bana Mongolia bakapiluka ku Syria aku Palestine kwaziindi zili mbozibede pele kunyina nibakakonzya kuzunda bana Egypt. Basiluzubo lwa Hülegü bakakkala mu Persia, bakasanduka kuba ba Islamu mpoonya mukuya kwaciindi bakaba beendelezi bazilengwa zyaba Islamu. Zilawo zyabo zyakatalika kwiitwa kuti the Persian ilkhanate nkokuti “khanate muniini.”

Qutuz tanaakazumanana kupona kuzwa naakazunda. Wakajaigwa abasinkondonyina nikwakainda buyo ciindi cisyoonto. Akati kabasinkondonyina aabo kwakali Baybars 1, imuleli wakusaanguna ciindi bwami bwa Egypt a Syria nibwakayanzanisyigwa alimwi. Ibanji bakali kumubona kuti ngomusololi mwini-mwini wakatalisya bweendelezi bwa Mamluk. Cisi cakwe cipya cakali kweendelezyegwa kabotu, cakalivwubide alimwi cakakkala kwamyaanda yamyaka yobilo acisela kusika mu 1517.

Muciindi eeco cisika kumyaka iili 250, bana Mamluk bakatanda basikalumamba bankondo yazikombelo Munyika Iisalala, akutalisya makwebo, zyakuzekaula, kuyaka zibbadela, zikombelo alimwi azikolo. Mubweendelezi bwabo, cisi ca Egypt cakaba munzi mupati waba Mozilemu.

Nkondo yaku Ain Jalut yakajatikizya masi aaku Middle East alimwi akwiinda aawo. Kunze lyaboobo, yakatalisya zilengwa zyabakuwa. Magazini yakuti North Africa to the Straits of Gibraltar yaamba kuti “Ikuti bana Mongolia nibakazwidilila kuzunda bana Egypt, ciindi Hülegü naakapiluka, nibakacikonzya kuzabuka kuya ku Africa nkoili kunyika kwiinda ku Straits of Gibraltar.” Alimwi mbwaanga bana Mongolia bakalisikide kale ku Poland, cisi ca Europe nicakaba mumaanza aabo.

Magazini njiyonya eeyi yakabuzya kuti: “Mubukkale buli boobo, sena mpuwo yacisi ca Europe niyakaba? Kuti niyatakaba, nyika niyatali mbuli mboibede mazuba aano.”

[Bupanduluzi buyungizidwe]

[Maapu iili apeeji 22]

(Kutegwa mubone bwini mbwaakkede mabala, amubone bbuku lini)

Damascus

SYRIA

Mulundu wa Tabor

Cibanda ca Esdraelon

Nkondo ya Ain Jalut (afwaafwi a Megido)

Nablus (Shechem)

Jerusalem

Gaza

EGYPT

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 22]

Busena aakali munzi wa Megido kaindi

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 23]

Impi zyabana Mamluk alimwi abana Mongolia zyakaswaangana mu September 1260 ku Ain Jalut, mucibanda ca Esdraelon

[Kulumba]

Pictoral Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 24]

Matongo aamunzi wakaindi wa Shechem alimwi acibeela camunzi wamazuba aano wa Nablus